Kantian Ethics And The Categorical Imperative Essay

Analysis of Kantian Ethics and critiques In Elements of Pure Practical Reason Book, I, Immanuel Kant, a prominent late Enlightenment Era German philosopher discusses his most famous ethical theory, the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† The â€Å"Categorical Imperative† is a proposed universal law in stating all humans are forbidden from certain actions regardless of consequences. Although this is the general definition of this ethical theory, the Categorical Imperative† exists in two above formulations, A strict interpretation of Categorical Imperative and a more liberal interpretation. This Kantian moral theory shapes almost all of Immanuel Kant’s work on morality and ethics, particularly his â€Å"a priori principle† on human rights. Although Kant ultimately developed enlightenment era political theory, many of his views are often seen as bizarre or even controversial at times, particularly in regards his â€Å"a priori principles† of the people and the Categorical Imperative itself. By further analysis of the categorical imperatives and critiques, objections, and the theory’s connections with the â€Å"a priori principles,† Kantian philosophy implication as well as critic’s views on the philosophy will be readily apparent. According to Immanuel Kant, the Categorical Imperative exists in two forms. The first formulation,† A rational being cannot regard his maxims as practical universal laws unless he conceives them as principles which determine the will, not by their matter, but by their form, only†Show MoreRelatedA Critique of the Categorical Imperative1689 Words   |  7 PagesA Critique of the Categorical imperative Immanuel Kant was without doubt one of the most influential Philosophers of his time. He was born in Koinsberg, Prussia on the 22nd of April 1724, and died on the 12th of February 1804 at the age of 79. Throughout his life Kant contributed his ideas to many major fields of Philosophy; however his biggest contribution was to the realm of ethics, when he developed the concept of the categorical imperative. He first introduced this idea in 1785 in a book he titledRead MoreKant s Impact On Ethics1389 Words   |  6 Pageslate 18th century. During this enthusiastic time period, there emerged a strong belief in the ability of human reason to help understand the world and solve its numerous problems- including ethical ones. Kant’s contribution to ethics has been very substantial, and although ethics is the field he’s had the most profound impact on, Kant also spent his time working in other areas, such as metaphysics and epistemology. Metaphysics is defined as â€Å"the bran ch of philosophy that deals with abstract conceptsRead MoreVolkswagen Utilitarian Ethics1055 Words   |  5 Pageshe designed the software or he decided to create it on his own to meet requirements his superiors gave him. Both rule utilitarianism and Kantian duty ethics would condemn Liang’s actions as unethical. According to Kantian ethics, morality is governed by a universal moral law, the Categorical Imperative. One’s actions must not only obey the Categorical Imperative, but also be governed by purity of will. Purity of will means that one acts morally because it is the right thing to do rather than a selfishRead MoreKantian Ethics And Communitarian Ethics Essay1448 Words   |  6 Pagesgood? In order to answer this question, I will analyze two concepts: Kantian Ethics and Communitarian Ethics. Using Ethical Issues in Modern Medicine by Bonnie Steinbock, Alex London, and John Arras, I will explain both concepts and their understanding of moral reasoning. Focusing on categorical imperatives and the universality test, I will explain Kantian ethics in reference to the good will. I will then explain Communitarian ethics in reference to collectivism. Using both ethical concepts, I willRead MoreThe Case Of Engineer James Liang And The Volkswagen Emission Scandal1291 Words   |  6 Pag esand his team of engineers developed a â€Å"defeat† device that allowed diesel powered vehicles to pass the EPA emission test, when in fact the vehicles were emitting up to 30 times the allowable limit. To many, this may seem a black and white case of ethics due to the fact that Liang’s team and Volkswagen blatantly cheated on a governmental testing regulation and then proceeded to falsely advertise the vehicles as â€Å"clean diesel and environmentally friendly† as reported by the United States DepartmentRead MoreMorality via Kant and Hegel1712 Words   |  7 PagesTranscendental Idealism as his cornerstone, Kant argued that Reason – to him a defining and immutable trait of human nature – allows for the derivation of formal and universally valid moral princip-les. His famous derivation of these, the Categorical Imperative, tantalizing promises an Archimedean point to morality: The moral standpoint from which one can always judge apodictically w hat is right independent of one’s vested empirical interests. Opposite the classical eudemonistic theories, Kant importantlyRead MoreCorporate Approaches to Responsible Business1492 Words   |  6 Pagespublicity if the company is making false claim rather that to be sincere. Question 2 : Assess Kellogg’s CSR Statement using Kantian and Utilitarian theory Answer: Utilitarianism Firstly this part will assess Kelloggs CSR statement by using the principles of Utilitarian. Utilitarianism states that a philosophical school of thought arguing that ethics must be based on whatever brings the greatest amount of good to the greatest number of people. Utilitarianism refers to the moral theoryRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of Jean Mcguire Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of such devices and as a result her sales have fallen well below those of her co-workers’. Unsure what to do and worried about losing her job it appears Jean is facing an ethical dilemma. This dilemma will be subsequently discussed using the Kantian perspective and the contrasting utilitarian perspective. The nature of an ethical dilemma according to Rossy (2011) is that the ‘right’ thing to do is not clear and resolution is neither simple nor easy. Jean is being asked to use closing techniquesRead MoreKantian Ethical Analysis1614 Words   |  6 Pagesb) - Kantian Ethical Analysis: 1 - Introduction and brief explanation of Kantian ethics: German philosopher Kant was first to introduce the Kantian ethics; hence, the named after him. According to Professor Elizabeth Anscombe, Immanuel Kant was Unitarianism’s rival; he believed actions that are taboo should be completely prohibited at all times. For instance, murder should be prohibited. Even though nowadays a person cannot be punished if death is involved as a self defense, from Kant’s perspectiveRead MoreQuestions on Ethical Problems734 Words   |  3 Pagesethical problem you have described The term deontology comes from the Greek word meaning duty (Business Ethics: Kantian Ethics (Deontology), 2005). Therefore, deontological ethics refers to the moral duty to act a certain way. Deontological ethics are the opposite of consequentialist ethics, which suggest that an act is morally justified if no harm is done. In other words, deontological ethics suggest that an act can be judged according to rules of right versus wrong, as opposed to judging the outcomes

Psychology, Theology, And Spirituality - 1843 Words

Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality Summary McMinn unveils the realism of what essentially happens in the counseling office. He dives into the fitting together â€Å"Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling†. McMinn explains how â€Å"those who enter therapy in the midst of their pain experience a restorative counseling relationship that brings acceptance hope, and meaning into their broken lives† (McMinn, 2011, p. 20). There are various questions surrounding Christian counseling that McMinn faces head on in this book when it comes to the challenges counselors face as it relates to integrating religion and spirituality in their sessions. Life on the frontier as McMinn puts it, is where counselors face six basic challenges. Challenges such as moving from two areas of competence to three, blurred personal-professional distinctions, expanded definitions of training, confronting dominant views of mental health, establishing a scientific base or even defining relevant ethical standards (McMinn, 2011). Personal journey’s that McMinn has taken throughout his career provide him with the knowledge, skills and abilities to depict how we should face these challenges. McMinn talks about how many counselors have a need to interpret studies, have good psychodynamics and figure out which cognitive therapy is right for their counseling. As he states, â€Å"Christian counseling is more complex than other forms of counseling because our goal are multifaceted (McMinn, 2011, p.Show MoreRelatedPsychology, Theology And Spirituality1267 Words   |  6 Pages A 4-MAT Review: Psychology, Theology and Spirituality in the Christian Counseling Introduction Mark McMinn is a trained psychologist who is known for his book that was written in 1996 called Psychology, Theology and Spirituality in Christian Counseling. McMinn had advocated for the Christians who are counselors for many years. McMinn is very experienced in the work and in his field of study. One of the biggest things that McMinn stresses is the importance of establishing and maintaining a goodRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality Essay1665 Words   |  7 Pages Mark R. McMinn’s (2011) Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling establish a way to bring Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality to Christian Counselors. He introduces a replica of how to integrate the three disciplines in the counseling office. The purpose of the book is to instruct counselors how to integrate categories of Psychology, Theology and Spirituality into Christian Counseling. McMinn (2011) contends that many challenges both professional and personal face ChristianRead MorePsychology, Theology And Spirituality1445 Words   |  6 PagesR. McMinn uses his book, Psychology, Theology and Spirituality in Christian Counseling to integrate the use of spirituality in Christian counseling in a way that a counselor can use them in a counseling session effectively. McMinn makes the use of various spiritual techniques like prayer, reading the Word and confession and incorporates them in ways that make spirituality work alongside theory in a cohesive ma tter. McMinn explains the world pf psychology and theology is not only something thatRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesSummary Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling by Dr. Mark R. McMinn is a very insightful reading for Christian counselors. This book was originally written in 1996, but the revised in 2011 with the help of Dr. McMinn s students. McMinn begins his wonderful reading by introducing the readers to religion in the counseling office. He starts this section a potential client scenario. This client is looking for a suitable counselor who is spiritually sensitive. Different counselorsRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality1411 Words   |  6 PagesPsychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Counseling by Mark R. McMinn is a book that discusses two different characteristics of the Christian Counseling field: in counseling sessions and life beyond the counseling sessions for example, the counselor’s job and the counselor’s life. Dr. McMinn starts his book with a brief section written with James Wilhoit that discusses religion in the counseling office. This first section talks about the importance of making good use of the Christian faith in counselingRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality891 Words   |  4 PagesReview of McMinn Summary In the book Psychology, theology, and spirituality in Christian counseling by Mark McMinn (2011), he explores the simultaneous integration of psychology, theology, and spirituality in the counseling relationship. McMinn (2011), stresses the importance of this skill throughout the text and offers insightful and effective ways to manage this. In order to further breakdown this information, McMinn (2011) discusses and evaluates six religious intervention strategies: prayerRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality1658 Words   |  7 PagesSummary In the book, Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling, McMinn expands upon the theory of integrating psychology and theology by providing the reader with concrete methods to utilize in counseling. His approach to integration is filled with helpful guidance for any counselor striving to strike the appropriate balance in their sessions. McMinn divulges into how and when to use scripture, prayer, confession and redemption. He advocates for utilizing these methods on aRead MorePsychology, Theology, And Spirituality1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe book â€Å"Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christianity Counseling† by Mark R. McMinn (2011) is an informative read that delves into the issues of practically integrating concepts of psychological counseling in the Christian context. Some of the questions that McMinn (2011) aspires to address in the book include whether it is appropriate to pray with clients, the role of confession during the therapy process , whether counselors should use scripture memory during the interventions as wellRead MorePsychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling by Mark McMinn1464 Words   |  6 Pages4 MAT Review McMinn Lynetric Rivers Liberty University Abstract In the book, â€Å"Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling†, author Mark McMinn gives the reader information on how these three entities can work together in Christian counseling. McMinn offers several ways in which this can be done including the use of prayer, Scripture, confession, forgiveness, the effects of sin, and redemption in counseling sessions. Through narration of counseling vignettes displaying differentRead MoreA Review Of Mcminn s Text : Psychology, Theology, And Spirituality1195 Words   |  5 PagesA Review of McMinn’s Text: Psychology, Theology, and Spirituality in Christian Counseling Summary McMinn tells how psychology, theology, and spirituality are used and how they should be used in Christian counseling. A Christian counselor has to look at not necessarily psychology and theology in a counseling session but how religion and spiritually is brought into the session. McMinn (2011) states, â€Å"Religious interventions require us to understand spiritual formation, place priority on personal spiritual

Masculinity and Femininity for Communications- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMasculinity and Femininity for Theatre Communications. Answer: Women have served all these centuries as looking glasses possessing the magic and delicious power of reflecting the figure of man at twice its natural size. The above quoted lines of the famous author Virginia Woolf from her work A Room of One's Own provides a pertinent account of the nature of gender politics in the society. It is significant to note that the since the traditional times the society of the human beings have been dominated by the concepts of masculinity as well as the domination of this particular gender over the other one. However, in the present times a change in the nature of this particular status quo has been seen with the rise of various diverse views and theories. This paper will focus on the concepts of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity and the relationship between these two concepts. Hegemonic masculinity can be defined as the form of masculinity which establishes the idea is that any individual who doesnt align with the notions of masculinity is inferior. In other words, it can be said that this particular concept of masculinity considers the men to be exclusive as well as hierarchicallysuperior in comparison to the female gender. The concept of emphasized femininity, on the other hand, can be defined as the concept which considers that the ultimate reason for a womans survival is to provide man with sexual validation, carry his babies and serve his household. Therefore, it can be said that according to this particular concept the primary reason for the existence of the female gender is to cater to the needs and the requirements of the male gender. It is significant to note that the various theories of Michael Foucault have been interpreted in the present times on the basis of this particular concept. Therefore, the various theorists in the present times have pr opounded theories to repudiate this particular concept. The opinion of Judith Butler is significant to note in this particular context when she says that gender is just a social construct which is used by the society to maintain the power within it. It is significant to note that in addition to her various other feminists have repudiated this particular concept. The modern society and the views of the individuals have undergone much transformation in the recent times from the ancient times. Yet there are several instances where the practices of the concepts of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity are observed. The famous novel Orlando of Virginia Woolf gives a pertinent account of this particular concept when she writes As long as she thinks of a man, nobody objects to a woman thinking (Woolf Chekhov 2013). Another example of this particular concept is the novel Gaudy Night of Dorothy L. Sayers where she says The rule seemed to be that a great woman must either die unwed ... or find a still greater man to marry her. ... The great man, on the other hand, could marry where he liked, not being restricted to great women (Sayers Bray 2012). Therefore, it becomes apparent that the concepts of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity find adequate expression in the various forms of Literature. In everyday life as well the use of the concepts of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity can be seen. For example, most of the men even in the present time feel that the sole role of the female gender is to serve the men gender and therefore, treat them as the as the mere objects of sex and reproduction. It is sad to note that even in the present century there are instances of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity in practice. I would like to comment here I personally believe these concepts are very demining and insulting to the female gender. I would like to comment here that in the present times the women are the weaker sex and they have made significant contribution towards the society and the world. To conclude, it can be said that although the concepts of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity are no longer in practice in the present yet the women folks are judged on the same parameter. Furthermore, it is significant to note that the concepts of hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity have been used since the ancient times to subvert the female gender. Therefore, there is a need of change within the social framework which will not bring about a change in the social framework but will also change the mindset of the people at large. References Sayers, D. L., Bray, S. (2012).Gaudy night. Presses Univ. Septentrion. Woolf, V., Chekhov, A. (2013).Chekhov's Three Sisters and Woolf's Orlando: Two Renderings for the Stage. Theatre Communications Group.