Whirlpool Europe

reel Europe Harvard Business School Case Study 9-202-017 The introduction of an green light Resource System (ERP) pic solution TO QUESTION 1 The Enterprise Resource Planning System is a cross-functional information organisation that represents an important development for Whirlpool and an important bea of activity for the information management function. instead of focusing on the information processing requirements of melodic phrase functions, ERP softw be focuses on supporting the business processes involved in the functions of a business.The introduction of enterprise-wide computer networking makes it possible to control all in all major business processes within a single software design. ERP arrangings are commonly composed of four major parts, book binding accounting, manufacturing, sales and human resources. This forces organizations to ope outrank along business processes. Three activities that need to be carried unwrap in order to try to match supply and demand, with which ERP system helps 1. Forecast demand 2. Plan the level of capacity that the operation is likely to need to meet the forecast demand, both in the long and the short term. . guard the use of that capacity. This involves the allocation of people, equipment and other resources to the various work tasks to ensure the smooth running of the operation in the short term. There is a number of benefits that Whirlpool foreseen to gain, from the introduction of an ERP system, in various tangible and intangible areas. Observable tangible benefits come from lowering cost for selective information communication and telecommunication. In addition, there are intangible benefits associated with improved flow of information throughout the organization.However, increased user satisfaction and response condemnations compensate the system complexity and potential data inconsistencies. Being an integrated solution, ERP, grants benefits from increased efficiency, and improved quality, productivi ty and favourableness. ERP software penetrates functional departments and can be extended along the supply chain to suppliers and customers. The ERP system, being an industrial software, helps a business manage the important functions of its business, including product prep, parts purchasing, maintaining inventories, interacting with suppliers, providing customer service and tracking order.Hence, a smoother and more transparent flow of all of these activities leave alone mainly enhance monitoring of the supply chain. The following tabularise reflects a smooth presentation of Whirlpools foreseen benefits Benefits Description of expectations upon capital punishment of the ERP system Working Capital decrement Make its supply chain more transparent and efficient. As a result, eliminate 8 days sales of archive (DSI) of allocated and reserved unites, 9 days of transit and 3 obsolete. Reduce 12 days of inventory in each wave. R regular(a)ue and Gross Margin emergence product av ailability by Increase making the supply chain more visible and integrating sales forecasting and inventory management. Enable the social club to realize an increase in unit sales equal to 25% of the improvement in product availability. The incremental sales would contri hardlye to increasing the profitability of Whirlpool Europe. A 0. 25% gross margin increase by the second social class after implementation. Benefits Description of expectations upon implementation of the ERP system Other apostrophize Savings modify the processing and management of customer orders. Reduce the 79 order desk employees by 18%, at an average cost of $40,000 per year per employee. Simplify the accounting function and result in a 15% reduction in the 60 finance employees. Expected cost saving was $45,000 per year for each employee that was eliminated. Reduce inventory, thus warehouse outer space could be reduced by 15%. Reduce the number of returned units by eliminating shipping err ors. Reduce bad debt disbursal and information system expenses. From Exhibits 3 and 4, we can also analyse the following The West wave enjoys the lowest DSI as a result, it enjoys the highest rates of units sell, revenue and therefore margin. Unfortunately the product availability percentage is low at this stage relatively speaking- (only 73. 5%). Whirlpool tar thwarts 92% of product availability with the introduction of the ERP system. The interchange wave has the highest DSI, thus it is most likely to be the number one beneficiary from the DSI reduction resulting from the introduction of the ERP system. It is logical to notice that the West and South waves keep notice benefit of 40% improvement by the second year of implementation this is simply because they have already enjoyed the two lowest rates of DSI even prior to introduction of the ERP system. Similarly, the Central and North waves would notice the improvement of 40% immediately on implementation again this is beca use they both had had the highest DSI prior to introduction of the ERP system. ANSWER TO QUESTION 2Whirlpool has carefully considered the capital expenditures, depreciation time of capital equipment as sanitary as implementation requirements and costs (employee training, creation, testing and certificate of new business process and installation of the ERP software). This logical calculation helps out the community to evaluate the results of introducing the ERP system and estimate its profit prior to making the decision, because such(prenominal) innovative decisions must be profitable and if not, they should not be introduced.Whirlpool has done a long-term capacity planning, which is concerned with decisions that take a long time to implement, and with large amount of capital investment, such as installing the ERP system. Whirlpool has carried out operations scheduling by allocating people to processes in order to get the work done, with the following objectives The product or s ervice is delivered on time The operation performs smoothly, giving optimum efficiencies The cash flow involved in the operation is equilibrate. The following table shows Whirlpools Capital Expenditures picFigures above in US$000 Depreciation = 0. 2 million as of the third year, for 5 historic period The following table shows the Operational Costs pic Figures above in US$000 Taking into consideration the forecasted other expense savings, the operational expenditures would be as shown in the Grand Total below pic Figures above in US$000 From the figures above, we can conclude that Whirlpool would absorb resources and incur costs through balancing out the operational costs against the operational savings, as follows IT Equipment & Software Whirlpool will pay high costs for the equipment oer the first four years of implementation. It will also buy software license for the first two years this is for the servers and clients. On top of this comes the license precaution which starts immediately on the second year of implementation and remains paid on an annual basis. This is extra cost that Whirlpool will have to cover and justify by long-term planning and reaching a point where all this extra cost is paid back. This is explained in the following points. Human Resources Hiring consultants for the installation and boosting of the system. Number of consultants does not remain the same, but rather reduces over time. Consultants are evaluate to train stave, thus their cost will end once Whirlpools own trained staff continue doing the job. Conclusion consultants cost stops by the fourth year of implementation. Using current employees, 50 of them, reduces the cost of hiring new ones. make their capacity at an extra cost is more feasible than hiring and training fresh ones. Operations & Accounting Ongoing operation and license maintenance costs would increase over time, but this is met by the reductions foreseen through o Simplifying the processing and management o f customer orders. o cut down the 79 order desk employees by 18%, at an average cost of $40,000 per year per employee. o Simplifying the accounting function and result in a 15% reduction in the 60 finance employees. Expected cost saving was $45,000 per year for each employee that was eliminated. Reducing inventory, thus warehouse space could be reduced by 15%. o Reducing the number of returned units by eliminating shipping errors. o Reducing bad debt expense and information system expenses. From the above, it is obvious that the new operational costs are balanced with the operational savings thus by the 2005 Whirlpool would cover the operational cost of implementing this system and start benefiting as of 2005 onwards. This is seen in the positive figure chthonian the Grand Total (103). ANSWER TO QUESTION 3 The main highlights of the study are 1.Capital expenditure This includes all payment that will be made for the estimate which is in this case the price of the capital equipment and software licenses (see table below). pic Figures above in US$000 2. receipts which is the inflow of assets such as cash, amount owed to a business by debtors or reduction in abilities that arise as a result of trading operations. In this case revenue increase is expected because of implementing the application. Such increase in the revenue will be a result of integration, error reduction, inventory saving, etc. 3.Cost of goods sold this is the cost of the goods bought then sold to customers, like transportation, storage, maintenance, etc. 4. Operating expenditures, as in the following table pic Figures above in US$000 The table above shows two contrasting calculations during the implementation of the ERP system A) A reduction of order desk employees (0. 18 X 79 X $40,000) finance employees (0. 15 X 60 X $45,000) Warehouse space by 15% Eliminate shipping errors , reduce returns by (30 X 0. 03 X units sold) Reduce bad debt expenses Reduce information systemsB) An addition of license maintenance fees to start on 2000 by $0. 1 million each year and increased by 0. 1 each next year, fifteen consultant in 1999, nine in 2000 and seven in 2001, four for following year (average monthly cost is $15,400 X 12 month X number of consultants), and lead person task on 2000 till 2004 on $600,000 a year. 5. Depreciation expense This is the portion of the cost of fixed assets that has been used up in generating revenues accepted during a particular period. The depreciation rate is 20% over five years (capital expenditure X 0. ). We have to be careful to stop depreciating capital expenditure after 5 years from the year capital expenditure was added, i. e. capital expenditure of 2000 is depreciated by 2005. 6. Taxable earnings Which is the essence of Revenue (Cost of goods sold + Operation Expenditure + Depreciation Expense). 7. Taxes Each company has to pay their own tax on profit, the calculation of the tax would be based on the profit of the year (Taxable Ear ning X Profits Tax Rate). 8. Earnings after taxes This is the profit minus taxes to be paid which heart and soul (Taxable Earning Taxes). . Add back depreciation This is the same amount of depreciation but in positive take account. 10. hard currency flow from operations This is equal to earnings after taxes + the add back depreciation. 11. Reduction in need for Inventory This is the result of DSI reduction by 12 days, and as a result warehouse space reduction of 15%. 12. Cash flow This is the total of the transactions (Capital expenditure + cash flow from operation + Reduction in need for inventory). This is the Profit amount which starts in 2001. 13.Discount Factor This is the rate applied to future cash flows to derive the present value of those cash flows (1/(1+r)n) where r is give notice ratio and n number of years. This factor keeps reducing over time. 14. Discounted cash flow This is the value of cash flow in the coming years which equal to (Cash flow X terminate factor) = Present value for that year. 15. Sum of discounted cash flow This is the NPV (Net Present Value) which is the total discounted cash flow from 1999 till 2007. NPV is a method of investment appraisal based on present value of all relevant cash flow associated with the throw away.To decide whether the project is acceptable (profitable) we check the NPV (sum of discounted cash flow). In our case it is a positive figure with 23. 883, which means that the project is acceptable and profitable. Recommendation I recommend Whirlpool corporation to proceed with the implementation of the proposed ERP system, because the NPV is positive (>0), which means that the project will add income to the company starting from the third year (2001) onwards, and as a total cash flow after taking consideration the risk, inflation and interest rates include in the discounted factor.Please biramous click on the table below to see how all the calculations above are incorporated. pic ANSWER TO QUESTION 4 P lease double click on the table below to see how all the changes are incorporated. pic From the changes weve incorporated in the sheet above, we can conclude that The higher we increased the discount rate the more we reduced the NPV When the discount rate was 9%, the NPV was 23. 883. When the discount rate was raised to 15%, the NPV went down to 5. 824. The IRR is the discount rate which will give us an NPV of exactly zip.If the discount rate were zero, the NPV would be the sum of the net cash flows. No account would be taken of the time value of money. However, if we resume increasing discount rates, there is a corresponding decrease in the NPV of the project. When the NPV line crosses the horizontal axis there will be a zero NPV and the point where it crosses is the IRR. From several trials on the amended sheet, the following table and charts are resulted Discount Rate NPV 9% 23,883 15% 5,824 23% 1,560 25% 712 27% (29) From the table and chart above, as well as from exce l calculations we notice that NPV equals zero when the IRR equals 26. 82. On the other hand, since the IRR here is 26. 82%, which is > cost of capital (15%), we conclude that the project is accepted. Recommendation I would recommend Whirlpool to consider the low discount rate if it seeks good return on its investment otherwise the high discount rate would cause failure of the project. Answer to Question 5 Business graduate clevernesss outcome Example of how work on this TMA has contributed to my Self-assessment of current level of skill skills development high/medium/low any actions to be taken Using examples and analysing case studies to enhance Through referring back to the module as well as the Medium, more analysis would result in higher understanding, support conclusions and illustrate accounting text book, I was able to understand a plug ofunderstanding. issues concerning business functions in accounting concepts, even prior to the lecture itself. organisational cont exts Problem solving and decision making When calculating the depreciation, a lot of trials tookHigh position before finding the lost hook, which was the depreciation over 5 years is calculated from the first year expenditures are spent Understanding the way in which numbers are used in I had an idea on this before, but not with such Medium, more accounting practices are the core business functions details this TMA has enhanced and broadened my required understanding. Interpreting spreadsheets for managing numbers and From this TMA I learned how the various calculations Medium, it took me a while to come up with quantitative analysis and formulas are made and how substantial accountants the calculations in the spreadsheet and are in the decision making process. linking them together. pic